The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis

被引：726

作者：

Martin, F. ^{[1
]}

Aerts, A. ^{[2
]}

Ahren, D. ^{[3
]}

Brun, A. ^{[1
]}

Danchin, E. G. J. ^{[4
,5
]}

Duchaussoy, F. ^{[1
]}

Gibon, J. ^{[1
]}

Kohler, A. ^{[1
]}

Lindquist, E. ^{[2
]}

Pereda, V. ^{[1
]}

Salamov, A. ^{[2
]}

Shapiro, H. J. ^{[2
]}

Wuyts, J. ^{[1
,6
]}

Blaudez, D. ^{[1
]}

Buee, M. ^{[1
]}

Brokstein, P. ^{[2
]}

Canback, B. ^{[3
]}

Cohen, D. ^{[1
]}

Courty, P. E. ^{[1
]}

Coutinho, P. M. ^{[4
,5
]}

Delaruelle, C. ^{[1
]}

Detter, J. C. ^{[2
]}

Deveau, A. ^{[1
]}

DiFazio, S. ^{[7
]}

Duplessis, S. ^{[1
]}

Fraissinet-Tachet, L. ^{[9
]}

Lucic, E. ^{[1
]}

Frey-Klett, P. ^{[1
]}

Fourrey, C. ^{[1
]}

Feussner, I. ^{[8
]}

Gay, G. ^{[9
]}

Grimwood, J. ^{[10
]}

Hoegger, P. J. ^{[11
]}

Jain, P. ^{[12
]}

Kilaru, S. ^{[11
]}

Labbe, J. ^{[1
]}

Lin, Y. C. ^{[6
]}

Legue, V. ^{[1
]}

Le Tacon, F. ^{[1
]}

Marmeisse, R. ^{[9
]}

Melayah, D. ^{[9
]}

Montanini, B. ^{[1
]}

Muratet, M. ^{[12
]}

Nehls, U. ^{[13
]}

Niculita-Hirzel, H. ^{[14
]}

Oudot-Le Secq, M. P. ^{[1
]}

Peter, M. ^{[1
,15
]}

Quesneville, H. ^{[16
]}

Rajashekar, B. ^{[3
]}

Reich, M. ^{[1
,11
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Nancy 1, INRA, UMR 1136, F-54280 Champenoux, France

[2] US DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA

[3] Lund Univ, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden

[4] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13288 Marseille 9, France

[5] Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13288 Marseille 9, France

[6] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium

[7] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA

[8] Univ Gottingen, Dept Plant Biochem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[9] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR USC INRA Ecol Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

[10] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Dept Genet, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA

[11] Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Bot, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[12] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[13] Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany

[14] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[15] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

[16] INRA, Unite Rech Genom Info, F-91034 Evry, France

[17] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

[18] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

[19] Univ Ghent, Lab Assoc INRA, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium

[20] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2008年 / 452卷 / 7183期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

D O I：

10.1038/nature06556

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Mycorrhizal symbioses - the union of roots and soil fungi - are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants(1,2). Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae(1). Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor ( Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65- megabase genome assembly contains 20,000 predicted protein- encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features, most notably a battery of effector- type small secreted proteins ( SSPs) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae- specific SSPs probably have a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate- active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non- plant cell wall polysaccharides, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus that enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.

引用

页码：88 / U7

页数：6

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