Design-based approach to k-nearest neighbours technique for coupling field and remotely sensed data in forest surveys

被引:87
作者
Baffetta, Federica [2 ]
Fattorini, Lorenzo [3 ]
Franceschi, Sara [3 ]
Corona, Piermaria [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
[2] Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy
[3] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
关键词
Remotely sensed digital imagery; Forest inventories; k-NN method; Design-based inference; Simulation; Case study; VOLUME;
D O I
10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.014
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The statistical properties of the k-NN estimators are investigated in a design-based framework, avoiding any assumption about the population under study. The issue of coupling remotely sensed digital imagery with data arising from forest inventories conducted using probabilistic sampling schemes is considered. General results are obtained for the k-NN estimator at the pixel level. When averages (or totals) of forest attributes for the whole study area or sub-areas are of interest, the use of the empirical difference estimator is proposed. The estimator is shown to be approximately unbiased with a variance admitting unbiased or conservative estimators. The performance of the empirical difference estimator is evaluated by an extensive simulation study performed on several populations whose dimensions and covariate values are taken from a real case study. Samples are selected from the populations by means of simple random sampling without replacement. Comparisons with the generalized regression estimator and Horvitz-Thompson estimators are also performed. An application to a local forest inventory on a test area of central Italy is considered. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:463 / 475
页数:13
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