Mechanical and tribological properties of a novel hydrogel composite reinforced by three-dimensional woven textiles as a functional synthetic cartilage

Hydrogels have been studied extensively as a potential cartilage replacement candidate as they are biocompatible, and can mimic the lubrication mechanisms found in cartilage tissue. As for the mechanical properties, there is still room for improvement. In the current research, two different three-dimensional weave patterns were developed and produced out of biocompatible polymers to reinforce the hydrogel matrix. Inspired by the articular cartilage tissue, the woven preforms featured a through-the-thickness stiffness gradient, and could resist delamination. Experiments were conducted on the hydrogel composites. Infiltration of hydrogel into the woven fabric led to a decrease in surface roughness when compared to neat textiles, and an increase in load-to-failure capacity. The wear rate and friction coefficient of the reinforced hydrogel matrix were greatly reduced under the range of applied loads and sliding velocities. These promising results are attributed to the synergistic interaction between the fiber phase and the hydrogel matrix.