Acellular pertussis vaccine safety and efficacyin children, adolescents and adults

This review offers a perspective on the acellular pertussis vaccine efficiency trials concluded in the 1990s and presents the main conclusions of a meta-analysis of 52 studies that assessed the safety and efficacy of the diphtheria-tetanus (DT) whole cell pertussis (DTwP) and DT-acellular.pertussis,(DTaP) vaccines administered to children. A clear. serological correlate of immunity to pertussis following DTaP vaccination was not identified despite an intensive analysis. It can be speculated that this may be because various combinations of antibody to aggluti-, nogens (pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin, pertactitin and fimbriae). provide protection, or because serum antibody levels and responses do, not uniformly reflect mucosal IgA antibody levels. Long-term efficacy following DTaP vaccination is becoming characterised and cell-mediated immunity (T-cell memory) may have importance. DTaP vaccination appears to establish herd immunity after sufficient uptake within communit ties and countries. As experience with DTaP vaccine safety has accumulated, a 1-2% occurrence of large, local injection reactions with all products has been defined for booster doses. The pathophysiological mechanisms for the reactions are not established but a majority appear likely to be IgE-mediated reactive oedema and a minority to be IgG-mediated reactive Arthus-type reactions. DTwP and DTaP combinations with other vaccines have been studied and licensed; the most controversial combination products are the DTaP/Haemophilus influenzae type B,polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Pertussis epidemiology is changing with a clear increase in. occurrence in adolescents and adults. This development has spurred studies and licensure of safer Mal? vaccines for this older population. The economic impact of pertussis and transmission from adults to vulnerable infants provides a cost-benefit justification for widespread use of DTaP vaccines in all age groups with routine boosting every 10 years.