Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula

被引：290

作者：

Abdo, A. A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ajello, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Allafort, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Baldini, L. ^{[5
]}

Ballet, J. ^{[6
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[7
,8
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[9
,10
]}

Bechtol, K. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bellazzini, R. ^{[5
]}

Berenji, B. ^{[1
,2
]}

Blandford, R. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bloom, E. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bonamente, E. ^{[11
,12
]}

Borgland, A. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bouvier, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Brandt, T. J. ^{[13
,14
]}

Bregeon, J. ^{[5
]}

Brez, A. ^{[5
]}

Brigida, M. ^{[15
,16
,17
]}

Bruel, P. ^{[18
]}

Buehler, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Buson, S. ^{[9
,10
]}

Caliandro, G. A. ^{[19
]}

Cameron, R. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cannon, A. ^{[20
,21
]}

Caraveo, P. A. ^{[22
]}

Casandjian, J. M. ^{[6
]}

Celik, O. ^{[20
,23
,24
,25
]}

Charles, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Chekhtman, A. ^{[26
]}

Cheung, C. C. ^{[3
,4
]}

Chiang, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ciprini, S. ^{[12
]}

Claus, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ^{[27
]}

Costamante, L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cutini, S. ^{[28
]}

D'Ammando, F. ^{[29
,30
]}

Dermer, C. D. ^{[31
]}

de Angelis, A. ^{[32
,33
]}

de Luca, A. ^{[34
]}

de Palma, F. ^{[15
,16
,17
]}

Digel, S. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

do Couto e Silva, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Drell, P. S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Drlica-Wagner, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Dubois, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Dumora, D. ^{[35
]}

Favuzzi, C. ^{[15
,16
,17
]}

机构：

[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[2] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[3] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA

[4] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[5] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[6] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Inst Res Fundamental Laws Universe, CNRS,CEA,Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[7] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[8] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[10] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[11] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[12] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[13] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

[14] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[15] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[16] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[17] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[18] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[19] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain

[20] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[21] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland

[22] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[23] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[24] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[25] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[26] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[27] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France

[28] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy

[29] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy

[30] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[31] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[32] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[33] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[34] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy

[35] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France

[36] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

[37] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[38] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[39] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[40] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland

[41] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[42] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[43] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[44] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[45] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[46] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA

[47] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[48] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan

[49] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

[50] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

来源：

SCIENCE | 2011年 / 331卷 / 6018期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; HIGH-ENERGY; PULSAR; SYNCHROTRON; EMISSION; POLARIZATION; TELESCOPE; COMPTEL; MODEL;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1199705

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 x 10(-2) parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.

引用

页码：739 / 742

页数：4

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