Determination of brominated flame retardants, with emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental and human samples - a review

被引:335
作者
Covaci, A
Voorspoels, S
de Boer, J
机构
[1] Univ Antwerp, Toxicol Ctr, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
[2] Netherlands Inst Fisheries Res, Ijmuiden, Netherlands
关键词
brominated flame retardants; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; methods; analysis; review;
D O I
10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00114-4
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Analytical methods for the determination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), with a special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are reviewed. A number of procedures, which can be applied to the analysis of PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and in some cases for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), in environmental and human samples are described. Because several BFRs, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A), BDE 209 and, to some extent, HBCD, may require a different approach, specific advice on their analysis is given separately when needed. Sample pretreatment, extraction, cleanup and fractionation, injection techniques, chromatographic separation, detection methods, quality control and method validation are discussed. For each topic, an overview is given of the current status of the field and recommendations for an appropriate analytical approach are presented. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:735 / 756
页数:22
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