Impacts of ionizing radiation on volatile production by ripening gala apple fruit

Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Gala) fruit treated with 0.5 muL(.)L(-1) 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP) or air (non-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degreesC were exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 0, 0.44, 0.88, or 1.32 kGy at 23 degreesC and then stored at 20 degreesC. Production of volatile compounds was measured on the day of irradiation and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after irradiation. Both MCP treatment and irradiation inhibited ethylene production. MCP treatment reduced production of all volatile esters and alcohols detected, whereas irradiation inhibited production of most, but not all, esters and some alcohols by non-MCP-treated fruit. The inhibition of volatile production following irradiation increased with dose. Production of methyl and propyl esters was inhibited more than that of other esters following irradiation or MCP treatment. The impact of irradiation on production of esters and alcohols by MCP-treated fruit was minimal. Non-MCP-treated fruit irradiated at 0.44 kGy produced the most esters during the 21-day period at 20 degreesC following irradiation, and the ester production rate in these fruit was comparable to that of the nonirradiated fruit 21 days after irradiation. Fruit treated with doses higher than 0.44 kGy did not recover their ability to produce volatile compounds. These results indicate both MCP and ionizing radiation inhibit production of many aroma compounds produced by ripening apple fruit.