Anaerobic digestion of wine distillery wastewater in down-flow fluidized bed

In down-flow fluidization, particles with a specific density smaller than the liquid are fluidized downward by a concurrent flow of liquid. This paper describes the application of the down-flow (or inverse) fluidization technology for the anaerobic digestion of red wine distillery wastewater. The carrier employed was ground perlite, an expanded volcanic rock. Before starting-up the reactor, physical and fluidization properties of the carrier material were determined. 0.968 mm perlite particles were found to have a specific density of 280 kg m(-3) and a minimum fluidization velocity of 2.3 m h(-1). Once the down-flow anaerobic fluidized bed system reached the steady-state, organic load was increased stepwise by reducing HRT, from 3.3-1.3 days, while maintaining constant the feed TOC concentration. The system achieved 85% TOC removal, at an organic loading rate of 4.5 kg TOC m(3) d(-1). It was found that the main advantages of this system are: low energy requirement, because of the low fluidization velocities required; there is no need of a settling device, because solids accumulate at the bottom of the reactor so they can be easily drawn out, and particles with high-biomass content, whose specific density have become larger than 1000 kg m(-3) can be easily recovered. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved.