Does N-acetyl-L-cysteine influence cytokine response during early human septic shock?

Study objective: To assess the effects of adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on hemodynamics, oxygen transport variables, and plasma levels of cytokines in patients with septic shock. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: A 24-bed medicosurgical ICU in a university hospital. Patients: Twenty-two patients included within 4 h of diagnosis of septic shock. Interventions: Patients were randomly allocated to receive either NAC (150 mg/kg bolus, followed by a continuous infusion of 50 mg/kg over 4 h; n = 12) or placebo (n = 10) in addition to standard therapy. Measurements: Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor-p55 (sTNFR-p55) were measured by sensitive immunoassays at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h, Pulmonary artery catheter-derived hemodynamics, blood gases, hemoglobin, and arterial lactate were measured at baseline, after infusion (4 h), and at 24 h. Results: NAC improved oxygenation (PaO2/FIo(2) ratio, 214+/-97 vs 123+/-86; p<0.05) and static lung compliance (44+/-11 vs 31+/-6 L/cm H2O; p<0.05) at 24 h. NAC had no significant effects on plasma TNF, IL-6, or IL-10 levels, but acutely decreased IL-8 and sTNFR-p55 levels. The administration of NAC had no significant effect on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption. Mortality was similar in both groups (control, 40%; NAC, 42%) but survivors who received NAC had shorter ventilator requirement (7+/-2 days vs 20+/-7 days; p<0.05) and were discharged earlier from the ICU (13+/-2 days vs 32+/-9 days; p<0.05). Conclusion: In this small cohort of patients with early septic shock, short-term IV infusion of NAC was well-tolerated, improved respiratory function, and shortened ICU stay in survivors. The attenuated production of IL-8, a potential mediator of septic lung injury, may have contributed to the lung-protective effects of NAC.