Feeding success of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti:: the effects of group size and kleptoparasitism

被引:77
作者
Carbone, C
Frame, L
Frame, G
Malcolm, J
Fanshawe, J
FitzGibbon, C
Schaller, G
Gordon, IJ
Rowcliffe, JM
Du Toit, JT
机构
[1] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England
[2] Gateway Natl Recreat Area, Staten Isl, NY 10305 USA
[3] Univ Redlands, Dept Biol, Redlands, CA 92373 USA
[4] Birdlife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England
[5] Rural Planning Serv Ltd, St Ives PE27 5JL, Cambs, England
[6] New York Zool Soc, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA
[7] CSIRO, Davies Lab, Rangelands & Savannas Program, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia
[8] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa
关键词
hunting-group size; wild dog; Lycaon pictus; kleptoparasitism; hyena; interspecific competition;
D O I
10.1017/s0952836905006710
中图分类号
Q95 [动物学];
学科分类号
071002 ;
摘要
Longer-term ecosystem level dynamics are often neglected in conservation studies involving single species. In this study, a retrospective analysis is presented on the feeding performance of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus in the Serengeti in relation to a competing species, the spotted hyena Crocitta crocuta, to test whether hyenas had an effect on feeding performance of wild dogs in this ecosystem. Our analysis is based on observations of over 700 wild dog kills recorded over a 20-year period (from 1964 to 1987) during which time there was a decline in wild dog numbers (ending with their local extinction in 199 1) and a twofold increase in hyena density. Overall, the amount of time that dogs had access to the kill (access time) decreased with increasing numbers of hyenas attending kills, but access time increased with increasing hunting-group size of dogs and carcass mass. In addition, in the 1980s, dogs spent longer at kills than in the 1970s for a given set of conditions, including when hyenas were absent. Our analysis demonstrates a greater potential for group benefits than was found in a previous study (Carbone, Du Toit et al., 1997). Hunting-group sizes of between two and six dogs performed best when hyenas attended dog kills because the benefits of increased defence outweighed the costs of having to share the carcass with more dogs. Hunting-group sizes of wild dog and levels of hyena attendance at the kill broadly paralleled the population trends in these species, with hunting-group sizes of wild dog declining, followed by hyena attendance increasing. Despite the combined effects of increased hyena attendance and reduced hunting-group size, dogs in the 1980s typically spent longer feeding and consumed more of the carcass including the poorest sections. This suggests that dogs in the 1980s may have been under greater energetic stress.
引用
收藏
页码:153 / 161
页数:9
相关论文
共 32 条
[31]   What is the Allee effect? [J].
Stephens, PA ;
Sutherland, WJ ;
Freckleton, RP .
OIKOS, 1999, 87 (01) :185-190
[32]  
VANORSDOL KG, 1984, AFR J ECOL, V22, P79