Additive inhibition of dendritic cell allostimulatory capacity by alcohol and hepatitis C is not restored by DC maturation and involves abnormal IL-10 and IL-2 induction
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Dolganiuc, A
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Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USAUniv Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Dolganiuc, A
[1
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Kodys, K
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Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USAUniv Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Kodys, K
[1
]
Kopasz, A
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Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USAUniv Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Kopasz, A
[1
]
Marshall, C
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Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USAUniv Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Marshall, C
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Mandrekar, P
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Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USAUniv Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Mandrekar, P
[1
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Szabo, G
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Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USAUniv Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Szabo, G
[1
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[1] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Background: Excessive alcohol use results in impaired immunity, and it is associated with increased incidence and progression of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here we investigated the effects of HCV infection and alcohol on myeloid dendritic cells (DC) that are critical in antiviral immunity. Methods: Immature and mature DCs were generated from monocytes of chronic HCV infected patients (HCV-DC) and controls (N-DC) with IL-4 plus granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) in the presence or absence of alcohol (25 mM). DC allostimulatory capacity was tested in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cytokine production by ELISA. Results: Allostimulatory capacity of HCV-DCs was reduced compared to N-DiCs and it was further inhibited by alcohol treatment (p < 0.01). MLR was also decreased with alcohol-treated N-DCs. DC phenotypic markers and apoptosis were comparable between HCV-DCs and N-DiCs irrespective of alcohol treatment. However, HCV-DCs and alcohol-treated N-DiCs exhibited elevated IL-10 and reduced IL-12 production. Reduced MLR with HCV-DCs and its further inhibition by alcohol coexisted with decreasing IL-2 levels (p < 0.017). DC maturation partially improved but failed to fully restore the reduced allostimulatory function of either alcohol-treated or alcohol-naive HCV-DCs (p < 0.018). Conclusions: Alcohol and HCV independently and together inhibit DC allostimulatory capacity, increase IL-10, reduce IL-12 and IL-2 production that cannot be normalized by DC maturation. HCV and alcohol interact to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses via dendritic cells.