共 72 条
Inflammasomes as mediators of immunity against influenza virus
被引:127
作者:

Pang, Iris K.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA

Iwasaki, Akiko
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
机构:
[1] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
基金:
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词:
ION-CHANNEL ACTIVITY;
T-CELL RESPONSES;
DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA;
NF-KAPPA-B;
A-VIRUS;
NLRP3;
INFLAMMASOME;
CUTTING EDGE;
HOST-DEFENSE;
ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES;
RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST;
D O I:
10.1016/j.it.2010.11.004
中图分类号:
R392 [医学免疫学];
Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号:
100102 ;
摘要:
Influenza viruses infect a wide range of avian and mammalian host species including humans. Influenza viruses are a major cause of human respiratory infections and mortality. The innate immune system recognizes influenza viruses through multiple mechanisms. These include endosomal recognition through the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and cytosolic recognition through the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I). Recent studies also identified the role of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOM-like receptors (NLRs) in innate detection of influenza viruses, leading to the activation of the inflammasomes. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which influenza virus infection leads to inflammasome activation, and discuss the consequences of such activation in innate and adaptive immune defense against influenza viruses.
引用
收藏
页码:34 / 41
页数:8
相关论文
共 72 条
[1]
Interleukins 1β and 6 but not transforming growth factor-β are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing human T helper cells
[J].
Acosta-Rodriguez, Eva V.
;
Napolitani, Giorgio
;
Lanzavecchia, Antonio
;
Sallusto, Federica
.
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,
2007, 8 (09)
:942-949

Acosta-Rodriguez, Eva V.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland

Napolitani, Giorgio
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland

Lanzavecchia, Antonio
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland

Sallusto, Federica
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Inst Res Biomed, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
[2]
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates In Vivo Innate Immunity to Influenza A Virus through Recognition of Viral RNA
[J].
Allen, Irving C.
;
Scull, Margaret A.
;
Moore, Chris B.
;
Holl, Eda K.
;
McElvania-TeKippe, Erin
;
Taxman, Debra J.
;
Guthrie, Elizabeth H.
;
Pickles, Raymond J.
;
Ting, Jenny P. -Y.
.
IMMUNITY,
2009, 30 (04)
:556-565

Allen, Irving C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Scull, Margaret A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Moore, Chris B.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Holl, Eda K.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

McElvania-TeKippe, Erin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Taxman, Debra J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Guthrie, Elizabeth H.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Pickles, Raymond J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

Ting, Jenny P. -Y.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
[3]
Temporal changes in dendritic cell subsets, cross-priming and costimulation via CD70 control CD8+ T cell responses to influenza
[J].
Ballesteros-Tato, Andre
;
Leon, Beatriz
;
Lund, Frances E.
;
Randall, Troy D.
.
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,
2010, 11 (03)
:216-U4

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Leon, Beatriz
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Rochester, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA Univ Rochester, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

Lund, Frances E.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Rochester, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA Univ Rochester, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

Randall, Troy D.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Rochester, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA Univ Rochester, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
[4]
Cutting Edge: NF-κB Activating Pattern Recognition and Cytokine Receptors License NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Regulating NLRP3 Expression
[J].
Bauernfeind, Franz G.
;
Horvath, Gabor
;
Stutz, Andrea
;
Alnemri, Emad S.
;
MacDonald, Kelly
;
Speert, David
;
Fernandes-Alnemri, Teresa
;
Wu, Jianghong
;
Monks, Brian G.
;
Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
;
Hornung, Veit
;
Latz, Eicke
.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY,
2009, 183 (02)
:787-791

Bauernfeind, Franz G.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
Univ Bonn, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany
Univ Munich, Div Clin Pharmacol, Dept Med, Munich, Germany Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Horvath, Gabor
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Stutz, Andrea
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Alnemri, Emad S.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Apoptosis Res, Kimmel Canc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

MacDonald, Kelly
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Div Infect & Immunol Dis, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada
British Columbia Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Speert, David
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Div Infect & Immunol Dis, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada
British Columbia Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Fernandes-Alnemri, Teresa
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Apoptosis Res, Kimmel Canc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Wu, Jianghong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Apoptosis Res, Kimmel Canc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Monks, Brian G.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

Hornung, Veit
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Bonn, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
[5]
IL-1 acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance their antigen-driven expansion and differentiation
[J].
Ben-Sasson, Shlomo Z.
;
Hu-Li, Jane
;
Quiel, Juan
;
Cauchetaux, Stephane
;
Ratner, Maya
;
Shapira, Ilana
;
Dinarello, Charles A.
;
Paul, William E.
.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
2009, 106 (17)
:7119-7124

Ben-Sasson, Shlomo Z.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Ctr, Lautenberg Ctr Gen & Tumor Immunol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Hu-Li, Jane
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Quiel, Juan
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Cauchetaux, Stephane
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Ratner, Maya
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Ctr, Lautenberg Ctr Gen & Tumor Immunol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Shapira, Ilana
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Ctr, Lautenberg Ctr Gen & Tumor Immunol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Dinarello, Charles A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Denver, CO 80045 USA NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

Paul, William E.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
[6]
Redundant roles for inflammasome receptors NLRP3 and NLRC4 in host defense against Salmonella
[J].
Broz, Petr
;
Newton, Kim
;
Lamkanfi, Mohamed
;
Mariathasan, Sanjeev
;
Dixit, Vishva M.
;
Monack, Denise M.
.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE,
2010, 207 (08)
:1745-1755

Broz, Petr
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Newton, Kim
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Lamkanfi, Mohamed
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Mariathasan, Sanjeev
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Dixit, Vishva M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

Monack, Denise M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[7]
An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome
[J].
Buerckstuemmer, Tilmann
;
Baumann, Christoph
;
Blueml, Stephan
;
Dixit, Evelyn
;
Duernberger, Gerhard
;
Jahn, Hannah
;
Planyavsky, Melanie
;
Bilban, Martin
;
Colinge, Jacques
;
Bennett, Keiryn L.
;
Superti-Furga, Giulio
.
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,
2009, 10 (03)
:266-272

Buerckstuemmer, Tilmann
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Baumann, Christoph
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Blueml, Stephan
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Med Univ Vienna, Dept Rheumatol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Dixit, Evelyn
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Duernberger, Gerhard
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Jahn, Hannah
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Planyavsky, Melanie
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Bilban, Martin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Med Univ Vienna, Dept Lab Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Colinge, Jacques
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Bennett, Keiryn L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Superti-Furga, Giulio
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
[8]
EVIDENCE THAT THE AMANTADINE-INDUCED, M2-MEDIATED CONVERSION OF INFLUENZA-A VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ TO THE LOW PH CONFORMATION OCCURS IN AN ACIDIC TRANSGOLGI COMPARTMENT
[J].
CIAMPOR, F
;
BAYLEY, PM
;
NERMUT, MV
;
HIRST, EMA
;
SUGRUE, RJ
;
HAY, AJ
.
VIROLOGY,
1992, 188 (01)
:14-24

CIAMPOR, F
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: NATL INST MED RES, MILL HILL, LONDON NW7 1AA, ENGLAND

BAYLEY, PM
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: NATL INST MED RES, MILL HILL, LONDON NW7 1AA, ENGLAND

NERMUT, MV
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: NATL INST MED RES, MILL HILL, LONDON NW7 1AA, ENGLAND

HIRST, EMA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: NATL INST MED RES, MILL HILL, LONDON NW7 1AA, ENGLAND

SUGRUE, RJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: NATL INST MED RES, MILL HILL, LONDON NW7 1AA, ENGLAND

HAY, AJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: NATL INST MED RES, MILL HILL, LONDON NW7 1AA, ENGLAND
[9]
IL-18, but not IL-12, is required for optimal cytokine production by influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells
[J].
Denton, Alice E.
;
Doherty, Peter C.
;
Turner, Stephen J.
;
La Gruta, Nicole L.
.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY,
2007, 37 (02)
:368-375

Denton, Alice E.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia

Doherty, Peter C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia

Turner, Stephen J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia

La Gruta, Nicole L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
[10]
Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA
[J].
Diebold, SS
;
Kaisho, T
;
Hemmi, H
;
Akira, S
;
Sousa, CRE
.
SCIENCE,
2004, 303 (5663)
:1529-1531

Diebold, SS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: London Res Inst, Canc Res UK, Immunobiol Lab, London WC2A 3PX, England

Kaisho, T
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: London Res Inst, Canc Res UK, Immunobiol Lab, London WC2A 3PX, England

Hemmi, H
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: London Res Inst, Canc Res UK, Immunobiol Lab, London WC2A 3PX, England

Akira, S
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: London Res Inst, Canc Res UK, Immunobiol Lab, London WC2A 3PX, England

Sousa, CRE
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
London Res Inst, Canc Res UK, Immunobiol Lab, London WC2A 3PX, England London Res Inst, Canc Res UK, Immunobiol Lab, London WC2A 3PX, England