The Anti-Osteoporosis and Antioxidant Activities of Chemical Constituents from Chrysanthemum indicum Flowers

Two new compounds, chrysinoneside A (1) and (-)-trans-chrysanthenol-6-O--D-glucopyranoside (2), along with 17 known compounds (3-19) were isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum flowers. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of various fractions were determined. The EtOAC fraction had the highest total phenolic content (525.84 +/- 23.51mg GAE/g DR) and the total flavonoid content (63.49 +/- 3.32mg QE/g DR). The EtOAc and water fractions showed the greatest peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity and the ability to reduce Cu(I) ions, with ORAC and CUPRAC values ranging from 24.00 +/- 0.44 to 28.06 +/- 1.35 and 16.90 +/- 0.51 to 49.77 +/- 0.97M, respectively. Compounds 5-11, 18, and 19 displayed strong effects in both peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing capacity assays at a concentration of 10M. The anti-osteoporosis activity of these compounds was also evaluated. Compounds 10, 13, and 19 exhibited the most potent tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand-induced osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells with values of 105.95 +/- 1.18, 110.32 +/- 3.95, and 112.58 +/- 6.42%, respectively. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.