Classification, phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of Adeliini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

In the tribe Adeliini, 45 genera are recognised: 24 endemic to Australia, nine to New Zealand, eight to New Caledonia, and three to Chile, and one (Licinoma Pascoe) that occurs in both Australia and Chile. The genera of Australia and Chile are keyed and fully described, and all recognised species of Adeliini from Australia (303) and Chile (12), including synonyms and 66 new combinations, are listed in appendices. Only cryptic features (defensive glands, stridulatory files, aedeagus, ovipositor and female tract) are described for New Zealand and New Caledonian genera, but all characters are included in an overall data matrix for analysis. The Adeliini are considered to be a tribe separate from Laenini. The relationships of Phobelia Blanchard, Laenini, Goniaderini and Oncotini are briefly discussed. Four generic names are synonymised: Achora Pascoe, 1869 = Isopteron Hope, 1840; Dystalica Pascoe, 1869 = Adelium Kirby, 1818; Macroperas Carter, 1914 = Daedrosis Bates, 1868; and Pseudadelium Kaszab, 1982 = Neoadelium Carter, 1908. New specific synonymies proposed are Daedrosis rufipes Carter, 1934 = Tetragonomenes ruficornis (Champion, 1894); Adelium sinuaticolle Carter, 1914 = A. hackeri Carter, 1908; Dystalica multilineata Carter, 1937 = Seirotrana strigipennis Bates, 1873; and Adelium delicatulum Carter, 1919 = Adelium panagaeicolle Macleay, 1872. Two new names are proposed for new secondary homonyms: Daedrosis carteri, nom. nov. for D. antennalis Carter, 1920 (not Carter, 1914), and Isopteron kulzeri, nom. nov. for Cestrinus gracilis Kulzer, 1964 (not Carter, 1939). Eleven new genera and seven new species are described from Australia: Apocryphodes based on A. thompsoni, sp. nov; Bellendenum based on B. gonyxuthum, sp. nov.; Bolusculus based on B. arcanus, sp. nov.; Diaspirus based on D, bellendenus, sp. nov.; Dicyrtodes based on D. arneius, sp. nov.; Diemenoma based on Adelium commodum Pascoe, 1869; Dorrigonum based on Licinoma umbilicata Carter, 1924; Epomidus, based on E. prionodes, sp. nov.; Monteithium based on M. ascetum, sp. nov.; Nolicima based on Cardiothorax angusticollis Carter, 1906; and Yarranum based on Seirotrana crenicollis Pascoe, 1869. Two new genera and one new species are described from Chile: Penadelium based on P. araucantum, sp. nov., and Valdivium based on Adelium sulcatulum Fairmaire & Germain, 1860. All world genera but one were used for a phylogenetic reconstruction using parsimony, which in turn is the basis far a biogeographic analysis. It was found to be necessary to divide Australia into two areas: the wet tropics of northern Queensland, which have,genera forming a monophyletic group with some of those of New Caledonia, and south-eastern Australia, which includes genera forming monophyletic groups with those of Chile. New Zealand genera do not participate in convincing monophyletic relationships with those of any other single area.