Pathogen behaviour and plant cell reactions in interactions between Alternaria species and leaves of host and nonhost plants

The growth behaviour of several Alternaria species on leaf discs of host and nonhost plants was examined by u.v. microscopy. Specific patterns of development were found for the pathogens. Differences in development which correlated to host specificity, or which differentiated specialized pathogens from weak or opportunistic pathogens, were obvious only after attempted penetration. Thus, little variation was observed amongst different plants for individual Alternaria species in the rate of germination, in the extent of germ-tube growth or in the frequency of appressorium production. However, plant responses to attempted penetration, which included the formation of callose-containing papillae, callose deposition in the walls of attacked cells and their neighbours and cell necrosis, varied with specific pathogen-plant interactions. Callose deposition occurred al sites of both successful and unsuccessful penetrations and may, therefore, not be a determining factor in the plant-pathogen interactions examined. A biplot technique is used to illustrate the different degrees of host specificity apparent at pre- and post-penetration stages of fungal development.