Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence concerning specific forms, potential causes, and preferred targets

Contrary to the impression generated by an increasing number of news reports in the past several years, the occurrence of workplace violence-extreme acts of aggression involving direct physical assault-represents a relatively rare event in work settings. However, workplace aggression-efforts by individuals to harm others with whom they work or have worked-are much more prevalent and may prove extremely damaging To individuals and organizations. This paper presents empirical evidence on the varied forms of workplace aggression and their relative frequency of occurrence in work settings. We offer a theoretical framework for understanding this phenomenon-one based on contemporary theories of human aggression-and demonstrate how principles associated with this framework may be applied to the management and prevention of all forms of aggression in workplaces.