Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: A review of randomized trials with special reference to the stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation II (SPAF II) trial

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is common and is associated with a high risk of systemic embolism. Recently, several large randomized trials have been completed that have established the efficacy of antithrombotic therapy for both primary and secondary prevention of systemic thromboembolism with an acceptable rate of bleeding complications in these patients. This section of clinical trials review summarizes data from all published randomized trials of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. The efficacy of aspirin versus warfarin is analyzed. The role of clinical and echocardiographic findings to stratify patients is also highlighted. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II trial is discussed in detail.