Oxidant stress is increased during treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Some diseases and environmental exposures, including those that are risk factors for atherosclerosis, are associated with increased oxidant stress. The objective of this cross- sectional, observational study was to determine whether oxidant stress is increased during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV- 1) infection or its therapy. To quantify oxidant stress, plasma F-2 isoprostane ( F-2- IsoP) concentrations were determined by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy. A total of 120 subjects were enrolled during routine primary care visits. The median CD4(+) T cell count was 341 cells/ mm(3), the median HIV- 1 RNA level was 3.4 log(10) copies/ mL, and 74% of patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Plasma F-2- IsoP concentrations were 12 - 149 pg/ mL ( median, 31 pg/ mL). In univariate analysis, higher F-2- IsoP concentrations were associated with lower log(10) plasma HIV- 1 RNA levels (P = .009) and with efavirenz use (P = .02). Both factors remained associated with plasma F-2- IsoP concentrations in multivariate analysis. Oxidant stress associated with therapeutic control of viral replication may have important implications for long- term complications of antiretroviral therapy.