Formation of hydroxyapatite precursors at 37 °C in urea- and enzyme urease-containing body fluids

The use of urea and enzyme urease-containing body fluids in the biomimetic synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) precursor powders at 37°C was attempted. The resulting powders were characterized by ICP-AES, SEM and FTIR techniques. It was confirmed that enzyme urease when added in proper amounts into the urea-containing body fluids supply a plausible and automatic pH control at 37°C, totally eliminating the need of external base additions.