Low Vπ electrooptic modulators from CLD-1:: Chromophore design and synthesis, material processing, and characterization

被引:275
作者
Zhang, C
Dalton, LR [1 ]
Oh, MC
Zhang, H
Steier, WH
机构
[1] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[3] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/cm010463j
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
A ring-locked, phenyltetraene-based, second-order nonlinear optical chromophore (CLD-1) was synthesized. It shows no drop in decomposition temperature compared to its phenyltriene analogue, while the molecular nonlinearity increases by a factor of 2.25 from 6252 x 10(-48) to 14065 x 10(-48) esu at 1.9 mum. Thin films and waveguide devices were prepared from CLD-1/PMMA and CLD-1/APC an amorphous polycarbonate) composites to study its electrooptic (EO) activity, optical loss, and photostability. An average EO coefficient of 92 pm/V at 1.06 mum was achieved in a 25 wt % CLD-1/APC composite. Mach-Zender (MZ) modulators fabricated from CLD-1/APC showed good thermal stability, low optical loss, low modulation voltage, and high extinction ratio. The photochemical stability of the CLD-1/APC modulator can be dramatically improved by operating in an inert gas atmosphere. Evidence shows that the predominant photochemical degradation mechanism of the material in air at 1.55 mum is the reaction between oxygen and photoexcited polyene-based chromophores.
引用
收藏
页码:3043 / 3050
页数:8
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