Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula

被引：288

作者：

Tavani, M. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Bulgarelli, A. ^{[5
]}

Vittorini, V. ^{[1
]}

Pellizzoni, A. ^{[16
]}

Striani, E. ^{[2
,4
]}

Caraveo, P. ^{[7
]}

Weisskopf, M. C. ^{[21
]}

Tennant, A. ^{[21
]}

Pucella, G. ^{[6
]}

Trois, A. ^{[1
]}

Costa, E. ^{[1
]}

Evangelista, Y. ^{[1
]}

Pittori, C. ^{[19
]}

Verrecchia, F. ^{[19
]}

Del Monte, E. ^{[1
]}

Campana, R. ^{[1
]}

Pilia, M. ^{[16
,17
]}

De Luca, A. ^{[7
,25
]}

Donnarumma, I. ^{[1
]}

Horns, D. ^{[22
]}

Ferrigno, C. ^{[23
]}

Heinke, C. O. ^{[24
]}

Trifoglio, M. ^{[5
]}

Gianotti, F. ^{[5
]}

Vercellone, S. ^{[18
]}

Argan, A. ^{[1
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[3
,8
,9
]}

Cattaneo, P. W. ^{[10
]}

Chen, A. W. ^{[3
,7
]}

Contessi, T. ^{[7
]}

D'Ammando, F. ^{[18
]}

DeParis, G. ^{[1
]}

Di Cocco, G. ^{[5
]}

Di Persio, G. ^{[1
]}

Feroci, M. ^{[1
]}

Ferrari, A. ^{[3
,11
]}

Galli, M. ^{[12
]}

Giuliani, A. ^{[7
]}

Giusti, M. ^{[1
,3
]}

Labanti, C. ^{[5
]}

Lapshov, I. ^{[13
]}

Lazzarotto, F. ^{[1
]}

Lipari, P. ^{[14
,15
]}

Longo, F. ^{[8
,9
]}

Fuschino, F. ^{[5
]}

Marisaldi, M. ^{[5
]}

Mereghetti, S. ^{[7
]}

Morelli, E. ^{[5
]}

Moretti, E. ^{[8
,9
]}

Morselli, A. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm INAF IASF Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[2] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[3] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy

[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[5] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[6] Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy

[7] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[8] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34012 Trieste, Italy

[10] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy

[11] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[12] ENEA Bologna, I-40128 Bologna, Italy

[13] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia

[14] INFN Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[15] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[16] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy

[17] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy

[18] INAF IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy

[19] European Space Agcy, Earth Observat Ctr ESRIN, Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Italy

[20] ASI, Rome, Italy

[21] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA

[22] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[23] Univ Geneva, Integral Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[24] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada

[25] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy

来源：

SCIENCE | 2011年 / 331卷 / 6018期

关键词：

HIGH-ENERGY; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; PULSARS; SHOCKS; WISPS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1200083

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The well-known Crab Nebula is at the center of the SN1054 supernova remnant. It consists of a rotationally powered pulsar interacting with a surrounding nebula through a relativistic particle wind. The emissions originating from the pulsar and nebula have been considered to be essentially stable. Here, we report the detection of strong gamma-ray (100 mega-electron volts to 10 giga-electron volts) flares observed by the AGILE satellite in September 2010 and October 2007. In both cases, the total gamma-ray flux increased by a factor of three compared with the non-flaring flux. The flare luminosity and short time scale favor an origin near the pulsar, and we discuss Chandra Observatory x-ray and Hubble Space Telescope optical follow-up observations of the nebula. Our observations challenge standard models of nebular emission and require power-law acceleration by shock-driven plasma wave turbulence within an approximately 1-day time scale.

引用

页码：736 / 739

页数：4

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