The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)

被引：544

作者：

De Graauw, Th. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Helmich, F. P. ^{[1
]}

Phillips, T. G. ^{[4
]}

Stutzki, J. ^{[5
]}

Caux, E. ^{[6
,7
]}

Whyborn, N. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Dieleman, P. ^{[1
]}

Roelfsema, P. R. ^{[1
]}

Aarts, H. ^{[1
]}

Assendorp, R. ^{[1
]}

Bachiller, R. ^{[8
]}

Baechtold, W. ^{[21
]}

Barcia, A. ^{[9
]}

Beintema, D. A. ^{[1
]}

Belitsky, V. ^{[10
]}

Benz, A. O. ^{[11
]}

Bieber, R. ^{[5
]}

Boogert, A. ^{[35
]}

Borys, C. ^{[35
]}

Bumble, B. ^{[12
]}

Cais, P. ^{[13
,14
]}

Caris, M. ^{[15
]}

Cerulli-Irelli, P. ^{[16
]}

Chattopadhyay, G. ^{[4
]}

Cherednichenko, S. ^{[10
]}

Ciechanowicz, M. ^{[15
]}

Coeur-Joly, O. ^{[6
,7
]}

Comito, C. ^{[15
]}

Cros, A. ^{[6
,7
]}

de Jonge, A. ^{[1
]}

de Lange, G. ^{[1
]}

Delforges, B. ^{[1
,19
,20
]}

Delorme, Y. ^{[19
,20
]}

den Boggende, T. ^{[1
]}

Desbat, J. -M. ^{[13
,14
]}

Diez-Gonzalez, C. ^{[9
]}

Di Giorgio, A. M. ^{[16
]}

Dubbeldam, L. ^{[1
]}

Edwards, K. ^{[1
,17
]}

Eggens, M. ^{[1
]}

Erickson, N. ^{[24
]}

Evers, J. ^{[1
]}

Fich, M. ^{[17
]}

Finn, T. ^{[25
]}

Franke, B. ^{[5
]}

Gaier, T. ^{[12
]}

Gal, C. ^{[5
]}

Gao, J. R. ^{[28
]}

Gallego, J. -D. ^{[9
]}

Gauffre, S. ^{[13
,14
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Groningen, Netherlands

[2] Joint Alma Observ, Santiago, Chile

[3] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[4] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[5] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, KOSMA, D-50937 Cologne, Germany

[6] Univ Toulouse UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France

[7] CNRS INSU, UMR 5187, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

[8] Observ Astron Nacl IGN, Madrid 28014, Spain

[9] Ctr Astron Yebes, Observ Astron Nacl IGN, Guadalajara 19080, Spain

[10] Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

[11] ETH, Astron Inst, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[12] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[13] Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France

[14] CNRS INSU, UMR 5804, F-33271 Floirac, France

[15] MPI Radio Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[16] Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[17] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

[18] MPI Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany

[19] UCP, UPMC, CNRS INSU,OP,ENS UMR 8112, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Mat Astrophys, Paris, France

[20] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France

[21] ETH, Inst Hochfrequenz Tech, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[22] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[23] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[24] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[25] N Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-87100 Torun, Poland

[26] Natl Univ Ireland, Expt Phys Dept, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland

[27] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, NL-2628 CK Delft, Netherlands

[28] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Delft, Netherlands

[29] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA

[30] Ctr Astrobiol INTA CSIC, Madrid, Spain

[31] Inst Radioastron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France

[32] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50100 Florence, Italy

[33] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain

[34] European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[35] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2010年 / 518卷

基金：

美国国家航空航天局;

关键词：

instrumentation: spectrographs; methods: observational; infrared: general; submillimeter: general; techniques: spectroscopic;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared ( HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 x 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms(-1). Result. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.

引用

页数：7

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