Lipoprotein receptors - an evolutionarily ancient multifunctional receptor family

被引:105
作者
Dieckmann, Marco [1 ,2 ]
Dietrich, Martin Frederik [1 ]
Herz, Joachim [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Mol Genet, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
[2] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Univ Med Ctr, Inst Pathobiochem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Alzheimer; ApoE; atherosclerosis; brain development; LRP; neuromuscular junction; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; VERY-LOW-DENSITY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E RECEPTOR-2; AMYLOID-BETA-PEPTIDE; PROTEIN ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-RECEPTOR; KNOCKOUT MICE LACKING; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; REELIN SIGNALING PATHWAY; GRANULE CELL DISPERSION;
D O I
10.1515/BC.2010.129
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The evolutionarily ancient low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family represents a class of widely expressed cell surface receptors. Since the dawn of the first primitive multicellular organisms, several structurally and functionally distinct families of lipoprotein receptors have evolved. In accordance with the now obsolete 'one-gene-one-function' hypothesis, these cell surface receptors were orginally perceived as mere transporters of lipoproteins, lipids, and nutrients or as scavenger receptors, which remove other kinds of macromolecules, such as proteases and protease inhibitors from the extracellular environment and the cell surface. This picture has since undergone a fundamental change. Experimental evidence has replaced the perception that these receptors serve merely as cargo transporters. Instead it is now clear that the transport of macromolecules is inseparably intertwined with the molecular machinery by which cells communicate with each other. Lipoprotein receptors are essentially sensors of the extracellular environment that participate in a wide range of physiological processes by physically interacting and coevolving with primary signal transducers as co-regulators. Furthermore, lipoprotein receptors modulate cellular trafficking and localization of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the beta-amyloid peptide (Ab), suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, compelling evidence shows that LDL receptor family members are involved in tumor development and progression.
引用
收藏
页码:1341 / 1363
页数:23
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