Ebola: translational science considerations

被引:33
作者
Chiappelli, Francesco [1 ,2 ,8 ]
Bakhordarian, Andre [1 ,2 ]
Thames, April D. [3 ]
Du, Angela M. [1 ]
Jan, Allison L. [1 ]
Nahcivan, Melissa [1 ]
Nguyen, Mia T. [1 ]
Sama, Nateli [1 ]
Manfrini, Ercolano [4 ]
Piva, Francesco [5 ]
Rocha, Rafael Malagoli [6 ]
Maida, Carl A. [1 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent Oral Biol & Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Evidence Based Decis Practice Based Res Network, Los Angeles, CA USA
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA
[4] Reg Hlth Dist Marche Ancona Hosp, Ancona, Italy
[5] Polytech Univ Marche Reg Odontostomatol Sci, Ancona, Italy
[6] AC Camargo Canc Ctr, Sao Paulo, Brazil
[7] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Sch Dent Publ Hlth Dent, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA USA
[8] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
关键词
Zaire Ebola virus; Ebola virus disease; Cell-mediated immune surveillance; Vaccine; Blood-brain barrier; M1 & M2 macrophages; Epidemic; Pandemic; Syndemic; Zoonotic; TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; MACROPHAGE ARGININE METABOLISM; BRAIN-BARRIER DISRUPTION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHESIS; T-CELL RESPONSES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DENDRITIC CELLS; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES;
D O I
10.1186/s12967-014-0362-3
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
100103 [病原生物学]; 100218 [急诊医学];
摘要
We are currently in the midst of the most aggressive and fulminating outbreak of Ebola-related disease, commonly referred to as "Ebola", ever recorded. In less than a year, the Ebola virus (EBOV, Zaire ebolavirus species) has infected over 10,000 people, indiscriminately of gender or age, with a fatality rate of about 50%. Whereas at its onset this Ebola outbreak was limited to three countries in West Africa (Guinea, where it was first reported in late March 2014, Liberia, where it has been most rampant in its capital city, Monrovia and other metropolitan cities, and Sierra Leone), cases were later reported in Nigeria, Mali and Senegal, as well as in Western Europe (i.e., Madrid, Spain) and the US (i.e., Dallas, Texas; New York City) by late October 2014. World and US health agencies declared that the current Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has a strong likelihood of growing exponentially across the world before an effective vaccine, treatment or cure can be developed, tested, validated and distributed widely. In the meantime, the spread of the disease may rapidly evolve from an epidemics to a full-blown pandemic. The scientific and healthcare communities actively research and define an emerging kaleidoscope of knowledge about critical translational research parameters, including the virology of EBOV, the molecular biomarkers of the pathological manifestations of EVD, putative central nervous system involvement in EVD, and the cellular immune surveillance to EBOV, patient-centered anthropological and societal parameters of EVD, as well as translational effectiveness about novel putative patient-targeted vaccine and pharmaceutical interventions, which hold strong promise, if not hope, to curb this and future Ebola outbreaks. This work reviews and discusses the principal known facts about EBOV and EVD, and certain among the most interesting ongoing or future avenues of research in the field, including vaccination programs for the wild animal vectors of the virus and the disease from global translational science perspective.
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