Cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma peritonei: A prospective study

PURPOSE: Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare disease. Recently, cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal by hyperthermic chemotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for this debilitating condition. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate this treatment strategy. METHOD: Twenty-seven patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei who were treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia between 1997 and 2003 were identified from a prospective database. RESULTS: Clinical presentation included suspected appendicitis (33 percent), increased abdominal girth (30 percent), and a suspected ovarian mass (26 percent). Twenty-two patients underwent surgery elsewhere before referral. Seventeen complications occurred in 12 patients (44 percent). Six were considered major: three anastomotic leaks, two pleural effusions, and one intra-abdominal abscess. Histologic examination demonstrated Grade 1, 2, and 3 disease in 8 (30 percent), 10 (37 percent), and 9 patients (33 percent), respectively. Pathologic grade showed a significant influence on the complication rate (P = 0 0.008). The actuarial five-year survival was 100 percent for patients with Grade 1 disease, whereas actuarial one-, two-, three-, and five-year survival for Grades 2 and 3 were 100, 80, 64, and 32 percent, respectively (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy is a feasable treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei. It is associated with acceptable morbidity when performed by an experienced surgical team. Histologic grade is the major determinant of survival.