Interdependence of domestic malaria prevention measures and mosquito-human interactions in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

被引:109
作者
Geissbuehler, Yvonne
Chaki, Prosper
Emidi, Basiliana
Govella, Nicodemus J.
Shirima, Rudolf
Mayagaya, Valeliana
Mtasiwa, Deo
Mshinda, Hassan
Fillinger, Ulrike
Lindsay, Steven W.
Kannady, Khadija
de Castro, Marcia Caldas
Tanner, Marcel
Killeen, Gerry F.
机构
[1] Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Epidemiol, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
[2] Coordinat Off, Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
[3] Dar es Salaam City Council, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
[4] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
[5] Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[6] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
基金
英国惠康基金;
关键词
D O I
10.1186/1475-2875-6-126
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
Background: Successful malaria vector control depends on understanding behavioural interactions between mosquitoes and humans, which are highly setting-specific and may have characteristic features in urban environments. Here mosquito biting patterns in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania are examined and the protection against exposure to malaria transmission that is afforded to residents by using an insecticide-treated net (ITN) is estimated. Methods: Mosquito biting activity over the course of the night was estimated by human landing catch in 216 houses and 1,064 residents were interviewed to determine usage of protection measures and the proportion of each hour of the night spent sleeping indoors, awake indoors, and outdoors. Results: Hourly variations in biting activity by members of the Anopheles gambiae complex were consistent with classical reports but the proportion of these vectors caught outdoors in Dar es Salaam was almost double that of rural Tanzania. Overall, ITNs confer less protection against exophagic vectors in Dar es Salaam than in rural southern Tanzania ( 59% versus 70%). More alarmingly, a biting activity maximum that precedes 10 pm and much lower levels of ITN protection against exposure ( 38%) were observed for Anopheles arabiensis, a vector of modest importance locally, but which predominates transmission in large parts of Africa. Conclusion: In a situation of changing mosquito and human behaviour, ITNs may confer lower, but still useful, levels of personal protection which can be complemented by communal transmission suppression at high coverage. Mosquito-proofing houses appeared to be the intervention of choice amongst residents and further options for preventing outdoor transmission include larviciding and environmental management.
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