Genome-wide association studies establish that human intelligence is highly heritable and polygenic

被引：417

作者：

Davies, G.

Tenesa, A. ^{[2
,3
]}

Payton, A. ^{[4
]}

Yang, J. ^{[5
]}

Harris, S. E. ^{[6
]}

Liewald, D. ^{[1
]}

Ke, X. ^{[7
]}

Le Hellard, S. ^{[8
]}

Christoforou, A. ^{[8
]}

Luciano, M. ^{[1
]}

McGhee, K.

Lopez, L. ^{[1
]}

Gow, A. J. ^{[1
]}

Corley, J.

Redmond, P.

Fox, H. C. ^{[9
]}

Haggarty, P. ^{[10
]}

Whalley, L. J. ^{[9
]}

McNeill, G. ^{[9
]}

Goddard, M. E. ^{[11
,12
]}

Espeseth, T. ^{[13
]}

Lundervold, A. J. ^{[14
]}

Reinvang, I. ^{[13
]}

Pickles, A. ^{[15
]}

Steen, V. M. ^{[8
,16
]}

Ollier, W. ^{[4
]}

Porteous, D. J. ^{[6
]}

Horan, M. ^{[17
]}

Starr, J. M. ^{[18
]}

Pendleton, N. ^{[17
]}

Visscher, P. M. ^{[1
,5
]}

Deary, I. J. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Ageing & Cognit Epidemiol, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland

[2] Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Inst Genet & Mol Med, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland

[3] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Roslin Inst, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland

[4] Univ Manchester, Ctr Integrated Genom Med Res, Manchester, Lancs, England

[5] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

[6] Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Mol Med Ctr, Inst Genet & Mol Med,Med Genet Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England

[8] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Med, Dr Einar Martens Res Grp Biol Psychiat, Bergen, Norway

[9] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland

[10] Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Inst Nutr & Hlth, Nutr & Epigenet Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland

[11] Univ Melbourne, Dept Food & Agr Syst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia

[12] Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Bundoora, Vic, Australia

[13] Univ Oslo, Dept Psychol, Ctr Study Human Cognit, Oslo, Norway

[14] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol & Med Psychol, Bergen, Norway

[15] Univ Manchester, Dept Med, Sch Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

[16] Haukeland Hosp, Ctr Med Genet & Mol Med, N-5021 Bergen, Norway

[17] Univ Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Neurodegenerat Res Grp, Sch Community Based Med, Salford, Lancs, England

[18] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Victoria Hosp, Geriatr Med Unit, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland

来源：

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY | 2011年 / 16卷 / 10期

基金：

英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会; 英国医学研究理事会; 英国经济与社会研究理事会; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

genetics; GWAS; intelligence; quantitative trait; COMMON SNPS EXPLAIN; LARGE PROPORTION; LIFE; COGNITION; DISEASE; RISK; AGE;

D O I：

10.1038/mp.2011.85

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

General intelligence is an important human quantitative trait that accounts for much of the variation in diverse cognitive abilities. Individual differences in intelligence are strongly associated with many important life outcomes, including educational and occupational attainments, income, health and lifespan. Data from twin and family studies are consistent with a high heritability of intelligence, but this inference has been controversial. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of 3511 unrelated adults with data on 549 692 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and detailed phenotypes on cognitive traits. We estimate that 40% of the variation in crystallized-type intelligence and 51% of the variation in fluid-type intelligence between individuals is accounted for by linkage disequilibrium between genotyped common SNP markers and unknown causal variants. These estimates provide lower bounds for the narrow-sense heritability of the traits. We partitioned genetic variation on individual chromosomes and found that, on average, longer chromosomes explain more variation. Finally, using just SNP data we predicted similar to 1% of the variance of crystallized and fluid cognitive phenotypes in an independent sample (P=0.009 and 0.028, respectively). Our results unequivocally confirm that a substantial proportion of individual differences in human intelligence is due to genetic variation, and are consistent with many genes of small effects underlying the additive genetic influences on intelligence. Molecular Psychiatry (2011) 16, 996-1005; doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.85; published online 9 August 2011

引用

页码：996 / 1005

页数：10

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