The effects of kin and familiarity on interactions between fish

Fish have been shown to discriminate between individuals on very general bases such as species, body length and colour. More recently, evidence has been accumulating from a number of species that relatedness and familiarity may be extremely important in mediating a range of interactions between individual fish. Studies have shown that fish are able to recognize kin and/or familiars, and that this ability potentially conveys significant benefits, including increased inclusive fitness, reduced inbreeding costs, reduced competition and enhanced antipredator behaviour. Here, we review the literature and consider future directions and applications for this research.