A Multistate Outbreak of Hepatitis A Associated With Semidried Tomatoes in Australia, 2009

被引:99
作者
Donnan, Ellen J. [1 ,2 ]
Fielding, James E. [1 ,3 ]
Gregory, Joy E. [1 ,4 ]
Lalor, Karin [1 ,4 ]
Rowe, Stacey [1 ]
Goldsmith, Paul [1 ]
Antoniou, Mira [1 ]
Fullerton, Kathleen E. [4 ]
Knope, Katrina [4 ]
Copland, Joy G. [5 ]
Bowden, D. Scott [3 ]
Tracy, Samantha L. [3 ]
Hogg, Geoffrey G. [6 ]
Tan, Agnes [6 ]
Adamopoulos, Jim [1 ]
Gaston, Joanna [1 ]
Vally, Hassan [2 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Victorian Govt Dept Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[2] Australian Natl Univ, Coll Med & Biol Sci, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[3] Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[4] Australian Govt Dept Hlth & Ageing, OzFoodNet, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[5] S Australian Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Branch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[6] Univ Melbourne, Microbiol Diagnost Unit, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[7] La Trobe Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Human Biosci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
关键词
CONSUMPTION; VIRUSES;
D O I
10.1093/cid/cir949
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
071005 [微生物学]; 100108 [医学免疫学];
摘要
Background. A large outbreak of hepatitis A affected individuals in several Australian states in 2009, resulting in a 2-fold increase in cases reported to state health departments compared with 2008. Two peaks of infection occurred (April-May and September-November), with surveillance data suggesting locally acquired infections from a widely distributed food product. Methods. Two case-control studies were completed. Intensive product trace-back and food sampling was undertaken. Genotyping was conducted on virus isolates from patient serum and food samples. Control measures included prophylaxis for close contacts, public health warnings, an order by the chief health officer under the Victorian Food Act 1984, and trade-level recalls on implicated batches of semidried tomatoes. Results. A multijurisdictional case-control study in April-May found an association between illness and consumption of semidried tomatoes (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI 1.4-6.7). A second case-control study conducted in Victoria in October-November also implicated semidried tomatoes as being associated with illness (OR, 10.3; 95% CI, 4.7-22.7). Hepatitis A RNA was detected in 22 samples of semidried tomatoes. Hepatitis A virus genotype IB was identified in 144 of 153 (94%) patients tested from 2009, and partial sequence analysis showed complete identity with an isolate found in a sample of semidried tomatoes. Conclusions. The results of both case-control studies and food testing implicated the novel vehicle of semidried tomatoes as the cause of this hepatitis A outbreak. The outbreak was extensive and sustained despite public health interventions, the design and implementation of which were complicated by limitations in food testing capability and complex supply chains.
引用
收藏
页码:775 / 781
页数:7
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