Gene regulation by patterned electrical activity during neural and skeletal muscle development

Patterned neural activity modifies central synapses during development and the physiological properties of skeletal muscle by selectively repressing or stimulating transcription of distinct genes. The effects of neural activity are mostly mediated by calcium. Of particular interest are the cellular mechanisms that may be used to sense and convert changes in calcium into specific alterations in gene expression. Recent studies have addressed the importance of spatial heterogeneity or of temporal changes in calcium levels for the regulation of gene expression.