Renal complications in HIV disease

Renal manifestations in HIV disease include co-incidental disorders and specific glomerular syndromes. Fluid-electrolyte, acid-base derangements and a spectrum of potentially reversible causes of renal failure are the major incidental disorders relevant to clinicians. HIV-associated nephropathy is an unusual form of glomerular disease characterized by nephrotic syndrome, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, and a rapid fulminant progression to end-stage renal disease. HN-infected patients may also develop unrelated intrinsic renal diseases that may progress to chronic renal failure. These disorders are discussed in detail.