Factors affecting short-term and long-term stabilities of proteins (Reprinted from Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol 9, pg 201-237, 1992)

Proteins are marginally stable and, hence, are readily denatured by various stresses encountered in solution, or in the frozen or dried states. Various additives are known to minimize damage and enhance the stability of proteins. This review discusses the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which these additives stabilize proteins against acute stresses, and also the various factors to be considered for long-term storage of proteins in solution. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.