Multitrophic interactions and management of the diamondback moth: A review

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Yponomeutidae), remains one of the most serious pests of crucifers in many parts of the world, particularly in South East Asia. This paper reviews the wide array of strategies which have been used in attempts to control P. xylostella over the last 40 years and consolidates the fragmented and sometimes hard-to-access literature on two and three level trophic interactions (e.g. host plant-herbivore, herbivore-natural enemy and host plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions) involving the pest. Special reference is made to studies and examples from South East Asia, and in particular Malaysia, where P. xylostella and its primary parasitoids have been well studied owing to the great economic significance of the pest in this region. It is suggested that a multitrophic approach to research may assist in the development of more sustainable methods for the management of P. xylostella and overcome some of the problems inherent with insecticide-intensive methods.