[1] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
[2] Coll Med, Dept Community Hlth, Blantyre, Malawi
[3] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[4] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
[5] Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programm, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi
[6] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[7] Coll Med Blantyre, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Blantyre, Malawi