Synergy of gemcitabine and lidamycin associated with NF-κB downregulation in pancreatic carcinoma cells

Aim: To investigate the effects on human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 and SW1990 cells using a combination of lidamycin (LDM) and gemcitabine. Methods: A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to determine the growth inhibition of drugs in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. The effects on apoptosis were measured by terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry combined with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The activity of caspase-3 was measured with a special assay kit. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by confocal microscopy analyses. The level of mRNA encoding K-ras in the cells was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The expression of K-ras, NF-kappa B, and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting analysis. Results: There was a significant reduction in proliferation in the pancreatic cancer cell lines treated with a combination of gemcitabine and LDM. The overall growth inhibition directly correlated with apoptotic cell death. LDM potentiated the gemcitabine-induced cell killing by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing the caspase-3 activity. Notably, the K-ras mRNA level was significantly reduced with the combination of gemcitabine and LDM. The results for K-ras, NF-kappa B, and Bcl-2 proteins also showed downregulation in the combination group relative to the single-agent treatment and the untreated control. Conclusion: LDM can potentiate the growth inhibition induced by gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells, and the synergy may be associated with NF-kappa B downregulation.