Flow systematics from SIS to SPS energies

被引：167

作者：

Ollitrault, JY ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

来源：

NUCLEAR PHYSICS A | 1998年 / 638卷 / 1-2期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00413-8

中图分类号：

O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];

学科分类号：

070202 ;

摘要：

The various flow phenomena observed at energies between 50 AMeV and 160 AGeV are reviewed. I first define three types of flow: directed flow and elliptic flow, which are the two first Fourier components of the azimuthal distribution in non-central collisions; radial flow, which is deduced from an analysis of transverse momentum spectra in central collisions. Then, I review the observations of directed flow and elliptic flow, with emphasis on recent results. I discuss their dependence on various parameters: global geometry (impact parameter, mass numbers of colliding nuclei and bombarding energy) and individual observables (rapidity, transverse momentum and particle type). Finally, I explain how azimuthal distributions can be measured experimentally.

引用

页码：195C / 206C

页数：12

共 77 条

[11] OUT-OF-PLANE PION EMISSION IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS - SPECTROSCOPY OF DELTA-RESONANCE MATTER [J].

BASS, SA ;

HARTNACK, C ;

STOCKER, H ;

GREINER, W .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 1993, 71 (08) :1144-1147

[12] IS COLLECTIVE PION FLOW ANTICORRELATED TO NUCLEON FLOW [J].

BASS, SA ;

MATTIELLO, R ;

STOCKER, H ;

GREINER, W ;

HARTNACK, C .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 1993, 302 (04) :381-385

[13] Out-of-plane emission of nuclear matter in Au+Au collisions between 100 and 800 A MeV [J].

Bastid, N ;

Buta, A ;

Crochet, P ;

Dupieux, P ;

Petrovici, M ;

Rami, F ;

Alard, JP ;

Amouroux, V ;

Basrak, Z ;

Belyaev, I ;

Best, D ;

Biegansky, J ;

Blaich, T ;

Caplar, R ;

Cerruti, C ;

Cindro, N ;

Coffin, JP ;

Dona, R ;

Dzelalija, M ;

Ero, E ;

Fan, ZG ;

Fintz, P ;

Fodor, Z ;

Fraysse, L ;

Freifelder, RP ;

Gobbi, A ;

Guillaume, G ;

Herrmann, N ;

Hildenbrand, KD ;

Holbling, S ;

Hong, B ;

Jeong, SC ;

Jundt, F ;

Keczkemeti, J ;

Kirejczyk, M ;

Korchagin, Y ;

Kotte, R ;

Kramer, M ;

Kuhn, C ;

Legrand, I ;

Leifels, Y ;

Maazouzi, C ;

Manko, V ;

Mgebrishvili, G ;

Moisa, D ;

Mosner, J ;

Neubert, W ;

Pelte, D ;

Pinkenburg, C ;

Pras, P .

NUCLEAR PHYSICS A, 1997, 622 (04) :573-592

[14] CHANGE OF COLLECTIVE-FLOW MECHANISM INDICATED BY SCALING ANALYSIS OF TRANSVERSE FLOW [J].

BONASERA, A ;

CSERNAI, LP .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 1987, 59 (06) :630-633

[15] THERMAL EQUILIBRATION AND EXPANSION IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT THE AGS [J].

BRAUNMUNZINGER, P ;

STACHEL, J ;

WESSELS, JP ;

XU, N .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 1995, 344 (1-4) :43-48

[16] Study of the out-of-plane emission of protons and light fragments in symmetric heavy-ion collisions [J].

Brill, D ;

Beckerle, P ;

Bormann, C ;

Schwab, E ;

Shin, Y ;

Stock, R ;

Strobele, H ;

Baltes, P ;

Muntz, C ;

Oeschler, H ;

Sturm, C ;

Wagner, A ;

Barth, R ;

Cieslak, M ;

Debowski, M ;

Grosse, E ;

Koczon, P ;

Mang, M ;

Miskowiec, D ;

Schicker, R ;

Senger, P ;

Kohlmeyer, B ;

Puhlhofer, F ;

Speer, J ;

Volkel, K ;

Walus, W .

ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI, 1996, 355 (01) :61-68

[17] AZIMUTHALLY ANISOTROPIC EMISSION OF PIONS IN SYMMETRICAL HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS [J].

BRILL, D ;

AHNER, W ;

BALTES, P ;

BARTH, R ;

BORMANN, C ;

CIESLAK, M ;

DEBOWSKI, M ;

GROSSE, E ;

HENNING, W ;

KOCZON, P ;

KOHLMEYER, B ;

MISKOWIEC, D ;

MUNTZ, C ;

OESCHLER, H ;

POPPL, H ;

PUHLHOFER, F ;

SARTORIUS, S ;

SCHICKER, R ;

SENGER, P ;

SHIN, Y ;

SPEER, J ;

STEIN, J ;

STIEBING, K ;

STOCK, R ;

STROBELE, H ;

VOLKEL, K ;

WAGNER, A ;

WALUS, W .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 1993, 71 (03) :336-339

[18] Studies of the out-of-plane emission of pions in symmetric heavy-ion collisions [J].

Brill, D ;

Beckerle, P ;

Bormann, C ;

Schwab, E ;

Shin, Y ;

Strobele, H ;

Baltes, P ;

Muntz, C ;

Oeschler, H ;

Sturm, C ;

Wagner, A ;

Barth, R ;

Cieslak, M ;

Debowski, M ;

Grosse, E ;

Koczon, P ;

Mang, M ;

Miskowiec, D ;

Schicker, R ;

Senger, P ;

Kohlmeyer, B ;

Puhlhofer, F ;

Speer, J ;

Volkel, K ;

Walus, W .

ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI, 1997, 357 (02) :207-213

[19] The energy dependence of flow in Ni induced collisions from 400A to 1970A MeV [J].

Chance, J ;

Albergo, S ;

Bieser, F ;

Brady, FP ;

Caccia, Z ;

Cebra, D ;

Chacon, AD ;

Choi, Y ;

Costa, S ;

Elliott, JB ;

Gilkes, M ;

Hauger, JA ;

Hirsch, AS ;

Hjort, EL ;

Insolia, A ;

Justice, M ;

Keane, D ;

Kintner, JC ;

Lisa, MA ;

Matis, HS ;

McMahan, M ;

McParland, C ;

Olson, DL ;

Partlan, MD ;

Porile, NT ;

Potenza, R ;

Rai, G ;

Rasmussen, J ;

Ritter, HG ;

Romanski, J ;

Romero, JL ;

Russo, GV ;

Scharenberg, R ;

Scott, A ;

Shao, Y ;

Srivastava, B ;

Symons, TJM ;

Tincknell, M ;

Tuve, C ;

Wang, S ;

Warren, P ;

Wieman, HH ;

Wienold, T ;

Wolf, K .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 1997, 78 (13) :2535-2538

[20] Onset of nuclear matter expansion in Au+Au collisions [J].