Self-efficacy, outcome expectations and self-care behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan

Aims. To explore differences in self- care behaviour according to demographic and illness characteristics; and relationships among self- care behaviour and demographic and illness characteristics, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations of people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Background. Most people with diabetes do not control their disease appropriately in Taiwan. Enhanced self- efficacy towards managing diseases can be an effective way of improving disease control as proposed by the self- efficacy model which provides a useful framework for understanding adherence to self- care behaviours. Design and methods. The sample comprised 145 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or more from diabetes outpatient clinics in Taipei. Data were collected using a self- administered questionnaire for this study. One- way ANOVA ANOVA, t- tests, Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical regression were analysed for the study. Results. Significant differences were found: between self- care behaviour and complications ( t = - 2 center dot 52, p < 0 center dot 01) and patient education ( t = - 1 center dot 96, p < 0 center dot 05). Selfcare behaviour was significantly and positively correlated with duration of diabetes ( r = 0 center dot 36, p < 0 center dot 01), efficacy expectations ( r = 0 center dot 54, p < 0 center dot 01) and outcome expectations ( r = 0 center dot 44, p < 0 center dot 01). A total of 39 center dot 1% of variance in self- care behaviour can be explained by duration of diabetes, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations. Conclusions. Findings support the use of the self- efficacy model as a framework for understanding adherence to self- care behaviour. Relevance to clinical practice. Using self- efficacy theory when designing patient education interventions for people with type 2 diabetes will enhance self- management routines and assist in reducing major complications in the future.