NO inhibits NaCl absorption by rat thick ascending limb through activation of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase

In the isolated, perfused rat thick ascending limb (THAL), L-arginine (L-Arg) stimulates endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production, which inhibits NaCl absorption. However, the intracellular cascade responsible for the effects of NO has not been studied. We hypothesized that endogenous NO inhibits THAL NaCl transport by increasing cGMP, which activates protein kinase G (PKG) and cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE II), which, in turn, decreases cAMP levels. THALs from rats were isolated and perfused, and net chloride flux (J(Cl-)) was measured. L-Arg was used to stimulate NO production. Adding L-Arg (0.5 mmol/L) to the bath decreased J(Cl-) from 154.4+/-9.9 to 101.9+/-14.1 pmol . mm(-1) . min(-1), a 35.2% decrease (n=6; P<0.05). In the presence of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY-83583 (10 <mu>mol/L), adding L-Arg to the bath did not affect THAL J(Cl-) (143.7+/-28.1 versus 136.7+/-22.2 pmol . mm(-1) . min(-1); n=6). LY-83583 alone had no effect on J(Cl-). In the presence of the PDE II inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) 50 mu mol/L, L-Arg reduced J(Cl-) by only 13% (142.1+/-8.9 versus 122.7+/-11.5 pmol . mm(-1) . min(-1); P<0.05; n=6). EHNA alone had no effect on THAL J(Cl-). In the presence of 10(-5) mol/L dibutyryl (db)-cAMP, L-Arg did not significantly reduce J(Cl-) (116.3+/-18.2 versus 102.6+/-15.6 pmol . mm(-1) . min(-1); n=6), db-cAMP (10(-5) mol/L) had no effect on THAL J(Cl-). In the presence of the PKG inhibitor KT-5823 (2 <mu>mol/L), L-Arg lowered J(Cl-) from 142.6+/-14.1 to 85.9+/-8.3 pmol . mm(-1) . min(-1), a decrease of 35.6% (n=8; P<0.05). We conclude that (1) endogenous NO inhibits THAL J(Cl-) by stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase and increasing cGMP; (2) NO inhibits THAL J(Cl-) by stimulation of PDE II, which, in turn, decreases cAMP levels; and (3) PKG does not mediate NO-induced inhibition of THAL J(Cl-).