Genome Expansion and Gene Loss in Powdery Mildew Fungi Reveal Tradeoffs in Extreme Parasitism

被引：569

作者：

Spanu, Pietro D. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, James C. ^{[1
]}

Amselem, Joelle ^{[2
,16
]}

Burgis, Timothy A. ^{[1
]}

Soanes, Darren M. ^{[3
]}

Stueber, Kurt ^{[4
]}

van Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren ^{[4
]}

Brown, James K. M. ^{[5
]}

Butcher, Sarah A. ^{[1
]}

Gurr, Sarah J. ^{[6
]}

Lebrun, Marc-Henri ^{[16
]}

Ridout, Christopher J. ^{[5
]}

Schulze-Lefert, Paul ^{[4
]}

Talbot, Nicholas J. ^{[3
]}

Ahmadinejad, Nahal ^{[4
]}

Ametz, Christian ^{[1
]}

Barton, Geraint R. ^{[1
]}

Benjdia, Mariam ^{[4
]}

Bidzinski, Przemyslaw ^{[4
]}

Bindschedler, Laurence V. ^{[7
]}

Both, Maike ^{[1
]}

Brewer, Marin T. ^{[8
]}

Cadle-Davidson, Lance ^{[9
,10
]}

Cadle-Davidson, Molly M. ^{[9
]}

Collemare, Jerome ^{[2
]}

Cramer, Rainer ^{[7
]}

Frenkel, Omer ^{[8
]}

Godfrey, Dale ^{[11
]}

Harriman, James ^{[9
]}

Hoede, Claire ^{[2
]}

King, Brian C. ^{[8
]}

Klages, Sven ^{[12
]}

Kleemann, Jochen ^{[4
]}

Knoll, Daniela ^{[4
]}

Koti, Prasanna S. ^{[4
]}

Kreplak, Jonathan ^{[2
]}

Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J. ^{[5
]}

Lu, Xunli ^{[4
]}

Maekawa, Takaki ^{[4
]}

Mahanil, Siraprapa ^{[9
]}

Micali, Cristina ^{[4
]}

Milgroom, Michael G. ^{[8
]}

Montana, Giovanni ^{[1
]}

Noir, Sandra ^{[4
]}

O'Connell, Richard J. ^{[4
]}

Oberhaensli, Simone ^{[13
]}

Parlange, Francis ^{[13
]}

Pedersen, Carsten ^{[11
]}

Quesneville, Hadi ^{[2
]}

Reinhardt, Richard ^{[12
]}

机构：

[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London, England

[2] INRA, Unite Rech Genom Info, F-78026 Versailles, France

[3] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England

[4] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Microbe Interact, Cologne, Germany

[5] John Innes Ctr, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich, Norfolk, England

[6] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford, England

[7] Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading RG6 2AD, Berks, England

[8] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[9] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14853 USA

[10] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA

[11] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Agr & Ecol, Copenhagen, Denmark

[12] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Berlin, Germany

[13] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland

[14] Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Biotecnol & Genom Plantas UPM INIA, Madrid, Spain

[15] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Agronomos, Madrid, Spain

[16] INRA, Unite BIOGER CPP, Grignon, France

来源：

SCIENCE | 2010年 / 330卷 / 6010期

基金：

英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;

关键词：

PLANT-PATHOGENS; VIRULENCE; PROTEINS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1194573

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.

引用

页码：1543 / 1546

页数：4

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