Nutritional value of brine shrimp cysts as a factitious food for Orius laevigatus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Decapsulated cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were assessed as a factitious food for rearing the anthocorid predator Orius laevigatus. Developmental and reproductive traits of O. laevigatus reared for a single generation on A. franciscana from three geographical locations or on gamma- irradiated eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella were compared. There was no effect of diet on nymphal survival but nymphal period on E. kuehniella eggs ( 12.2 days) was 0.7 - 1.6 days shorter than on the Artemia diets. The predator developed 0.5 - 1 day faster on cysts from San Francisco Bay ( USA) than on cysts from Great Salt Lake ( USA) or Macau ( Brazil). Fecundity on brine shrimp cysts from different locations was similar to that on flour moth eggs ( 142 - 187 eggs/ female). The biochemical composition of decapsulated cysts from San Francisco Bay was compared with that of E. kuehniella eggs. Depending on the type of analysis, Artemia cysts contained higher or similar amounts of protein as compared with E. kuehniella eggs, but amino acid patterns were generally similar. Flour moth eggs were almost three times richer in fatty acids than brine shrimp cysts, with some marked differences in fatty acid profiles. Because nutrient imbalances in a diet may be expressed only after several generations of rearing, the predator was cultured for three consecutive generations on A. franciscana cysts from San Francisco Bay. In the third generation on brine shrimp cysts, nymphs took 18% longer to develop, and adults were shorted- lived and about 60% less fecund than those maintained on E. kuehniella eggs. Brine shrimp cysts may be used as a supplement in the mass production of O. laevigatus but may not be a suitable food for long- term culturing of the predator.