Stress-induced signaling pathways in hyalin chondrocytes: inhibition by Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU)

Objective: Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU) represent one of the most commonly used drugs for symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms of its activities are still poorly understood. We investigate here the effects of ASU on signaling pathways in mouse or human chondrocytes. Methods: Mouse or human chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin-1 beta (IL1 beta, 10 ng/ml) and cartilage submitted to a compressive mechanical stress (MS) were studied in the presence or absence of ASU (10 mu g/ml). Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation was assessed by immunoblot, using an 1-kappa B alpha antibody, nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B using p65 antibody, and extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation using phospho and ERK1/2 antibodies. The binding of the p50/p65 complex on DNA was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results: ASU decrease matrix metalloproteinases-3 and -13 expressions and Prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) release in our model. The degradation of 1-kappa B alpha is prevented in the presence of ASU as shown by the persistent expression of 1-kappa B alpha protein in the cytosol when chondrocytes are stimulated by IL1 beta or MS. Nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa B complex is shown by the decrease of the p65 protein from the cytosol, whereas p65 appears in the nucleus under IL1 beta stimulation. This translocation is abolished in the presence of ASU. Moreover, bandshift experiments show an inhibition of the IL1 beta-induced binding of p50/p65 complexes to NF-kappa B responsive elements in response to ASU. Finally, among the different mitogen-activated protein kinases known to be induced by IL1 beta, ERK1/2 was the sole kinase inhibited by ASU. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that ASU express a unique range of activities, which could counteract deleterious processes involved in OA, such as inflammation. (C) 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.