Noncompromised penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia CBA/J mouse model and comparative efficacies of antibiotics in this model

The present study confirms that CBA/J mice are susceptible to several clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including four of five penicillin-susceptible acid all five penicillin-resistant strains tested, thus providing the first noncompromised animal model for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae pneumonia. In this model, doses of penicillin G of 0.6 mg/kg of body weight given six times at l-h intervals produced effective pulmonary clearance of a penicillin-susceptible strain (penicillin G MIG, 0.015 mu g/ml), while doses of 40 mg/kg given six times at l-h intervals were required to clear a penicillin-resistant strain (penicillin G MIG, 1 mu g/ml), Imipenem (MIG, 0.25 mu g/ml) was the most active antibiotic tested against the penicillin-resistant strain, with a calculated dose of 0.42 mg/kg given six times at I-h intervals, resulting in a 2-log decrease in the number of pulmonary bacteria, Comparable effects were seen with vancomycin (MIC, 0.5 mu g/ml), cefotaxime (MIG, 0.5 mu g/ml), and penicillin G at doses of 3.3, 5.5, and 31.0 mg/kg given six times at I-h intervals, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin in infected lungs was superior to those of the other antibiotics, especially in regard to the elimination half-life (215.4 min for vancomycin versus 15.0, 14.5, and 14.5 min for penicillin G, cefotaxime, and imipenem, respectively). Both imipenem acid vancomycin allowed 90% survival when 40-mg/kg doses were administered twice a day beginning 5 days after infection, Survival rates with penicillin G (160-mg/kg doses) and cefotaxime (40-mg/kg doses) were 40 and 30%, respectively, while no saline-treated mice survived, The present study shows that the CBA/J mouse pneumonia model may be useful for evaluating antibiotic efficacies against penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia in immunocompetent individuals. Our data suggest that imipenem and vancomycin may be the most active agents against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae pneumonia.