Forgetting our facts: The role of inhibitory processes in the loss of propositional knowledge

被引:139
作者
Anderson, MC [1 ]
Bell, T [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037//0096-3445.130.3.544
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Seven experiments are reported that show that retrieving facts from long-term memory is accomplished, in part, by inhibitory processes that suppress interfering facts. When asked to repeatedly retrieve a recently learned proposition (e.g., recalling The actor il looking at the tulip, given cues such as Actor looking t_), subjects experienced a recall deficit for related facts (e.g., The actor is looking at the violin) on a recall test administered 15 mia later. Importantly, this retrieval-induced forgetting was shown to generalize to other facts in which the inhibited concepts took part (e.g., The teacher Is lifting the violin), replicating a finding observed by M. C. Anderson and B. A. Spellman (1995) with categorical stimuli. These findings suggest a critical role for suppression in models of propositional retrieval and implicate the mere retrieval of what we know as a source of forgetting of factual knowledge.
引用
收藏
页码:544 / 570
页数:27
相关论文
共 83 条
[71]   OUTPUT INTERFERENCE IN LONG-TERM MEMORY [J].
SMITH, AD ;
DAGOSTIN.PR ;
REID, STARLI .
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 1970, 24 (02) :85-&
[72]   INPUT ORDER AND OUTPUT INTERFERENCE IN ORGANIZED RECALL [J].
SMITH, AD .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1973, 100 (01) :147-150
[73]   MEMORY FOR ACTIONS IN SCRIPTED ACTIVITIES AS A FUNCTION OF TYPICALITY, RETENTION INTERVAL, AND RETRIEVAL TASK [J].
SMITH, DA ;
GRAESSER, AC .
MEMORY & COGNITION, 1981, 9 (06) :550-559
[74]   FACT RETRIEVAL AND PARADOX OF INTERFERENCE [J].
SMITH, EE ;
ADAMS, N ;
SCHORR, D .
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, 1978, 10 (04) :438-464
[75]   The influence of distinctive processing on retrieval-induced forgetting [J].
Smith, RE ;
Hunt, RR .
MEMORY & COGNITION, 2000, 28 (04) :503-508
[76]   MEMORY FOR EXPECTANCY-CONGRUENT AND EXPECTANCY-INCONGRUENT INFORMATION - A REVIEW OF THE SOCIAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL LITERATURES [J].
STANGOR, C ;
MCMILLAN, D .
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN, 1992, 111 (01) :42-61
[77]   THE NEGATIVE PRIMING EFFECT - INHIBITORY PRIMING BY IGNORED OBJECTS [J].
TIPPER, SP .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1985, 37 (04) :571-590
[78]   INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERFERENCE IN SHORT-TERM ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY [J].
TULVING, E ;
ARBUCKLE, TY .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1966, 72 (01) :145-&
[79]   SOURCES OF INTRATRIAL INTERFERENCE IN IMMEDIATE RECALL OF PAIRED ASSOCIATES [J].
TULVING, E ;
ARBUCKLE, TY .
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR, 1963, 1 (05) :321-334
[80]  
Watkins M. J., 1978, STRUCTURE MEMORY, P347