CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence

被引:314
作者
Vallejo, AN
机构
[1] Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Div Rheumatol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[2] Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Immunol,Div Rheumatol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00256.x
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
The loss of CD28 expression on T cells is the most consistent biological indicator of aging in the human immune system, and the frequency of CD28(null) T cells is a key predictor of immune incompetence in the elderly. There is also mounting evidence for the high frequency of these unusual T cells among patients with inflammatory syndromes or with chronic infections disproportionate with their age. In these pathological states, CD28(null) T cells likely represent prematurely senescent lymphocytes due to persistent immune activation. Unlike the situation in CD28 gene knockout mice that have anergic CD28(0/0) T cells, human CD28(null) T cells are functionally active, long-lived, oligoclonal lymphocytes that lack or have limited proliferative capacity. Results of replicative senescence studies show that CD28(null) T cells are derived from CD28(+) precursors that have undergone repeated stimulation, indicating that CD28 silencing underlies the program of T-cell aging. Dissection of the machinery regulating CD28 expression is paving the way in elucidating the molecular events leading to immune senescence as well as providing clues into the functional rejuvenation of senescent T cells.
引用
收藏
页码:158 / 169
页数:12
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