Apoptosis pathways activated by death receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family such as Fas, TNFR1, or the TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5 are implicated in diverse diseases. These are also the best-understood apoptosis pathways and many of our ideas about apoptosis, regulation come from studying these pathways. Cell killing from such receptors occurs because of recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor protein FADD, which in turn recruits the pro form of caspase-8. Aggregation of pro-caspase-8 leads to its auto-activation and subsequent activation of effector caspases such as caspase-3. The apoptotic signal can be amplified through the mitochondria and inhibited through the action of competing molecules such as the inhibitor c-FLIP, which binds to the receptor complex in place of caspase-8. This simple mechanism explains much of the cell death that is induced by death receptors. However, recent studies indicate that we must incorporate new information into this model. Some examples that add new layers of complexity will be discussed in this review. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, AustraliaPO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Verhagen, AM
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Silke, J
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Silke, J
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Ekert, PG
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Ekert, PG
;
Pakusch, M
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Pakusch, M
;
Kaufmann, H
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Kaufmann, H
;
Connolly, LM
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Connolly, LM
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Day, CL
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Day, CL
;
Tikoo, A
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Tikoo, A
;
Burke, R
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Burke, R
;
Wrobel, C
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Wrobel, C
;
Moritz, RL
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Moritz, RL
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Simpson, RJ
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Simpson, RJ
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Vaux, DL
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
机构:
PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, AustraliaPO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Verhagen, AM
;
Silke, J
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Silke, J
;
Ekert, PG
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Ekert, PG
;
Pakusch, M
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Pakusch, M
;
Kaufmann, H
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Kaufmann, H
;
Connolly, LM
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Connolly, LM
;
Day, CL
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Day, CL
;
Tikoo, A
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Tikoo, A
;
Burke, R
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Burke, R
;
Wrobel, C
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Wrobel, C
;
Moritz, RL
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h-index: 0
机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Moritz, RL
;
Simpson, RJ
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia
Simpson, RJ
;
Vaux, DL
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机构:PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia