Caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys reduces low density lipoprotein interaction with arterial proteoglycans

Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to retard aging processes in many species. We investigated effects of CR on plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL), a major risk factor for the age-associated process of atherosclerosis. Studies emphasized effects of CR on LDL composition and their interaction with arterial proteoglycans (PG). Rhesus monkeys were fed a control diet (n = 13) or subjected to CR (n = 12 fed 30% less calories) for > 5 gears. Plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations were similar for control and CR groups (82 +/- 8 vs 72 +/- 6 mg/dL, mean +/- SEM). LDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation and HPLC. LDL particles from CR animals had a lower molecular weight (2.9 +/- 0.1 vs 3.2 +/- 0.1 g/mu mol, p < .05) and were depleted in triglyceride (249 +/- 16 vs 433 +/- 49 mol/particle, p < .005) and phospholipid (686 +/- 20 vs 837 +/- 33 mol/particle, p < .001). Lower PG binding was measured for LDL from CR animals (10.1 +/- 0.8 vs 15.6 +/- 1.1 mu g LDL cholesterol/mu g PG, p < .005). This was associated with the lower triglycerides (r = .76, p < .0005) and phospholipids (r = .48, p < .01). Thus, a dietary intervention which may retard aging inhibits a proposed mechanism of atherogenesis.