Spatial and temporal variability in active layer thickness over the Russian Arctic drainage basin

被引:261
作者
Zhang, TJ [1 ]
Frauenfeld, OW
Serreze, MC
Etringer, A
Oelke, C
McCreight, J
Barry, RG
Gilichinsky, D
Yang, DQ
Ye, HC
Ling, F
Chudinova, S
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[2] Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, Munster, Germany
[3] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physiochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
[4] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
[5] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geog & Urban Anal, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
[6] Zhaoqing Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Technol, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, Peoples R China
关键词
D O I
10.1029/2004JD005642
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
[1] Changes in active layer thickness (ALT) over northern high-latitude permafrost regions have important impacts on the surface energy balance, hydrologic cycle, carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the land surface, plant growth, and ecosystems as a whole. This study examines the 20th century variations of ALT for the Ob, Yenisey, and Lena River basins. ALT is estimated from historical soil temperature measurements from 17 stations ( 1956 - 1990, Lena basin only), an annual thawing index based on both surface air temperature data ( 1901 - 2002) and numerical modeling ( 1980 - 2002). The latter two provide spatial fields. Based on the thawing index, the long-term average ( 1961 - 1990) ALT is about 1.87 m in the Ob, 1.67 in the Yenisey, and 1.69 m in the Lena basin. Over the past several decades, ALT over the three basins shows positive trends, but with different magnitudes. Based on the 17 stations, ALT increased about 0.32 m between 1956 and 1990 in the Lena. To the extent that results based on the soil temperatures represent ground "truth,'' ALT obtained from both the thawing index and numerical modeling is underestimated. It is widely believed that ALT will increase with global warming. However, this hypothesis needs further refinement since ALT responds primarily to summer air temperature while observed warming has occurred mainly in winter and spring. It is also shown that ALT exhibits complex and inconsistent responses to variations in snow cover.
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页码:1 / 14
页数:14
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