Investigating the interaction mechanism between zinc and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using combined SEM-EDX and XAFS

The interaction mechanism between zinc and the intact yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by using the scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, as well as X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS). Displacement of H+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ during zinc uptake confirmed the existence of both covalent interactions and ionic interactions between Zn2+ and the microbe. Ion exchange mechanism played a role in zinc uptake. The local environment of Zn accumulated in the intact yeast cells was determined by XAFS, which suggests that the nearest neighboring atom of the bound zinc ion on the biomass is oxygen atom. The adsorbed zinc ion on the intact cells of S. cerevisiae is a tetrahedron structure, with the Zn-O bond length of 1.97 angstrom, and the coordination number is only 3.2 of Zn-O structure in the first shell.