Detector-based transfer standards for improved accuracy in spectral irradiance and radiance measurements

This paper discusses the performance of a range of new detector-based transfer standards for the dissemination of source-based scales. The transfer standards presented include both detector-stabilized and -monitored sources of spectral irradiance and radiance as well as a more radical absolute transfer standard spectrometer. The primary aim in developing the new transfer standards is to improve traceability and accuracy to the International System of Units (SI) while at the same time reducing the cost. Some generic remote-sensing applications are considered as examples.