Activation of ion-conducting pathways in the inner mitochondrial membrane -: an unrecognized activity of fatty acid?

The effect of non-esterified myristate (C14:0) or dodecyl sulfate was studied on passive swelling of rat liver mitochondria suspended in hypotonic alkaline KCI medium in the absence of the potassium ionophore valinomycin, Both compounds rapidly initiated large-amplitude swelling, However, they failed to initiate swelling when the mitochondria were suspended in hypotonic alkaline sucrose medium. In contrast to myristate or dodecyl sulfate, the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 initiated swelling of mitochondria in both of the media. The following findings indicate that the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is permeabilized by myristate to K+ and Cl- in a specific manner, (i) Swelling initiated by myristate did not respond to cyclosporin A, (ii) the protonophoric uncoupler FCCP was unable to mimic the myristate effect on swelling, and (iii) myristate-induced Cl--permeation (measured with KCl medium plus valinomycin) was inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, quinine or ATP. Myristate- or dodecyl sulfate-initiated swelling was paralleled by the lowering of endogenous Mg2+ content. Both effects, stimulation of swelling and depletion of endogenous Mg2+ are correlated with each other. Similar effects have been reported previously for the carboxylic divalent cation ionophore calcimycin (A23187). The A23187-induced smelling has identical inhibiting characteristics on Cl--permeation with respect to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, quinine and ATP as the myristate-stimulated swelling. Therefore, we conclude that nonesterified fatty acids increase the permeability of mitochondria to K+ and Cl- at alkaline pH by activating Mg2+-dependent ion-conducting pathways in IMM. (C) 2001 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.